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All horses have three naturally occurring gaits (walk, trot and gallop).
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Specifications
| Breeds | Akhal-Teke, American Bashkir Curly, American Quarter Horse, Caspian, Dutch Harness, Finnhorse, Hucul, Icelandic Horse, Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse, Mangalarga Marchador, Missouri Fox Trotter, Mongolian, Paso Fino, Rocky Mountain Horse, Scandinavian Coldblood Trotter, Selle Francais, Standardbred, Tennessee Walking Horse, Welsh Cob, Welsh Mountain, American Miniature Horse, American Paint Horse, American Saddlebred, Appaloosa, German Riding Pony, Lewitzer, Morgan, Peruvian Paso |
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| Gene | |
| Organ | |
| specimen | Hair, Blood EDTA, Blood Heparin, Semen, Tissue |
| Mode of Inheritance | |
| Chromosome | |
| Also known as | |
| Year Published |
General information
All horses have three naturally occurring gaits (walk, trot and gallop). Some breeds (the gaited breeds) exhibit one or more additional gaits, particularly at intermediate speeds. This ability to exhibit alternate forms of gait is called gaitedness and the DNA test for this trait is known as SynchroGait. A mutation is found in the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene. This gene plays a crucial role in the development of the spinal cord neurons that control limb movement and locomotion. Specifically, the gene is involved in the formation of inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord, which are critical for coordinating muscle movements during various gaits. The mutation is seen as a major genetic factor and is seen in many horse breeds.
Clinical features
Horses with one or two mutated A-allele are more prone to lateral gaits (pace and tölt) and exhibit good leg coordination during these gaits. They also show an enhanced ability to perform ambling, a four-beat gait, including the tölt in Icelandic horses, which is smooth and comfortable for both horse and rider.
Foals with AA may appear less coordinated when learning to move; this should not be mistaken for ataxia. In ungaited breeds, AA will show poorer transitions into the gallop.
Depending on the breed the following benefits are linked to having two A-alleles (AA genotype): - Standardbreds horses are more likely to race professionally and have higher breeding value for racing performance. - Coldblooded horses show superior trotting technique, with natural pacing talent and excellent leg coordination at high speeds. - Icelandic horses are predisposed to perform five gaits (walk, tölt, trot, gallop, and pace), while CA and CC horses typically only perform four (walk, tölt, trot, and gallop) or three respectively.
Additional information
References
Pubmed ID: 22932389
Omia ID: 1715