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Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM), also known as Type II Fiber Deficiency, Hereditary Myopathy of Labrador Retrievers (HMLR), or Autosomal Recessive Muscular Dystrophy, is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder that primarily affects Labrador Retrievers.
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Specifications
| Breeds | |
|---|---|
| Gene | |
| Organ | |
| Specimen | Swab, Blood EDTA, Blood Heparin, Semen, Tissue |
| Mode of Inheritance | |
| Chromosome | |
| Also known as | |
| Year Published |
General information
Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM), also known as Type II Fiber Deficiency, Hereditary Myopathy of Labrador Retrievers (HMLR), or Autosomal Recessive Muscular Dystrophy, is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder that primarily affects Labrador Retrievers. It is caused by a recessive mutation in the HACD1 gene (also known as PTPLA), which disrupts normal muscle fiber formation. The condition is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting and usually becomes apparent during puppyhood.
Clinical features
Puppies with CNM are born without symptoms, and during the first few weeks they appear normal. From the second month of life, however, differences become noticeable compared to their healthy littermates. Affected puppies develop muscle weakness and exercise intolerance, which worsen with stress or cold. For some dogs, even a one- to two-minute walk at their own pace can be too much. Muscle loss (atrophy) also occurs, most visibly in the thighs and in the masticatory muscles of the head (particularly the temporal muscle, located between the eye and ear). Due to this weakness, many affected dogs carry their heads low and develop a rounded (arched) back. In addition to these clinical signs, a veterinarian performing a neurological exam will often find that the knee-jerk reflex is absent.
Some dogs may experience drooping eyelids (ptosis), weakness of the eye muscles (ophthalmoplegia externa) and difficulty swallowing that can increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Symptoms usually progress until about 1 year of age before stabilizing. Treatment is not available.
Additional information
References
Pubmed ID: 15829503
Omia ID: 1374